This is the Magdeburg Hemisphere experiment from 1654, the world’s first demonstration of atmospheric pressure. A German scientist proved that air has weight and exerts a compressive force on everything around us. He created two copper hemispheres that fit tightly together and then used a valve to remove all the air from inside. With the vacuum created, the hemispheres were held together solely by the surrounding atmospheric pressure, yet even teams of 16 horses couldn’t pull them apart. However, once the valve was opened to let air back in, they were easily separated.
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