Storage Tanks: What are Storage Tanks | What are Storage Tank Uses and Types | Design

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Storage tanks are containers designed to store liquids, gases, or granulated substances for various industrial, commercial, and residential purposes. They come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and materials, depending on the nature of the stored substance, its volume, and the environmental conditions. Storage tanks play a vital role in industries such as oil and gas, chemicals, water treatment, agriculture, and more.

Here are the common types of storage tanks based on their use and construction:

1. Above-Ground Storage Tanks (ASTs):
These tanks are installed above the ground and are often used for storing liquids such as oil, chemicals, water, and other substances. They can be constructed from materials like steel, fiberglass, or concrete. ASTs are commonly used for large-volume storage in various industries.

2. Underground Storage Tanks (USTs):
USTs are buried beneath the ground to store substances like petroleum products, chemicals, and hazardous materials. They help save space and protect the stored materials from external elements. USTs are often used at gas stations and industrial sites.

3. Fixed Roof Tanks:
These tanks have a fixed roof that does not move with the liquid level. They are suitable for storing non-volatile liquids, including water, chemicals, and some petroleum products. Fixed roof tanks are cost-effective and provide protection against weather elements.

4. Floating Roof Tanks:
Floating roof tanks have a roof that floats on the surface of the stored liquid. As the liquid level changes, the roof rises or falls, minimizing vapor space and reducing emissions. These tanks are commonly used for storing volatile liquids like crude oil.

5. Pressure Vessels:
Pressure vessels are designed to store substances under high pressure. They are used for gases like compressed air, liquefied gases, and certain chemicals. Pressure vessels are constructed with materials that can withstand the internal pressure and ensure safety.

6. Cryogenic Tanks:
These tanks are used to store extremely cold liquids like liquid nitrogen, oxygen, and LNG (liquefied natural gas). They are designed to maintain low temperatures and high insulation to prevent the stored substances from vaporizing.

7. Spherical Tanks:
Spherical tanks have a spherical shape, making them suitable for storing pressurized gases. Their design allows for even distribution of internal pressure, making them efficient for high-pressure storage.

8. Cone Roof Tanks:
Cone roof tanks have a conical roof that provides protection from weather elements. They are commonly used for storing materials like water, chemicals, and some petroleum products.

9. Open-Top Tanks:
Open-top tanks have no roof and are used for storing materials that do not require protection from weather. They are commonly used for mixing and storing liquids in industrial processes.

10. Rectangular Tanks:
These tanks have a rectangular shape and are used for various applications such as water storage, chemical processing, and wastewater treatment.

Storage tanks are essential for safely storing and managing substances in various industries. The type of tank chosen depends on factors such as the nature of the stored material, required capacity, safety considerations, and regulatory requirements. Proper maintenance, inspection, and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial to ensure the integrity and functionality of storage tanks over time.

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