Kubernetes Basics to Advanced || Convert your docker image to pod with this one session

Structured guide that takes you through Kubernetes, from basics to advanced concepts.
Kubernetes Basics

1. What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-source container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of application containers.
Originally developed by Google, now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF).

2. Core Concepts

Pod Smallest deployable unit, encapsulates one or more containers.
Node A machine (VM or physical) on which Kubernetes runs.
Cluster A set of nodes controlled by the Kubernetes master.
Namespace Virtual clusters inside the same physical cluster.

3. Kubernetes Architecture

Master Components:
kube-apiserver: API access point.
etcd: Key-value store for config/state.
kube-scheduler: Assigns pods to nodes.
kube-controller-manager: Handles background tasks.
Node Components:
kubelet: Manages containers on a node.
kube-proxy: Network proxy.
Container Runtime: e.g., Docker, containerd.

4. YAML Manifests

Kubernetes resources are defined in YAML files.
Key sections: apiVersion, kind, metadata, spec.

5. Important Resources

Deployment Manages replicas of Pods and updates.
Service Exposes Pods as a network service.
ConfigMap Externalize configuration.
Secret Store sensitive data like passwords.
PersistentVolume / PersistentVolumeClaim Storage management.
Ingress HTTP routing and load balancing.

6. Networking in Kubernetes

Pod-to-Pod communication within cluster.
Service types:
ClusterIP (default)
NodePort
LoadBalancer
Ingress Controllers: NGINX, Traefik.

7. Volumes and Storage

Ephemeral (e.g., emptyDir) vs Persistent storage.
Cloud provider-specific storage options (EBS, GCEPersistentDisk, etc.)

8. RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)

Define who can do what:
Roles / ClusterRoles
RoleBindings / ClusterRoleBindings

9. Operators

Extend Kubernetes functionality using Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) and controllers.
Example: Prometheus Operator.

10. Helm

Kubernetes package manager.
Uses "charts" to define, install, and upgrade applications.

11. Custom Resources & CRDs

Define your own objects in Kubernetes.
Combine with controllers for automation.

12. Autoscaling

HPA (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler): Scales pods based on CPU/memory.
VPA (Vertical Pod Autoscaler): Adjusts resource requests.
Cluster Autoscaler: Adjusts node count.

13. Kubernetes Security

Network Policies.
Pod Security Policies (deprecated in favor of OPA/Gatekeeper).
Seccomp, AppArmor.
Secrets encryption.

14. Service Mesh
Istio, Linkerd: Manage microservices networking, observability, and security.

15. CI/CD with Kubernetes

Tools: ArgoCD, Jenkins X, FluxCD.
GitOps approach: Git as a single source of truth.

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