A 4-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion engine commonly used in cars, motorcycles, and small machines. It completes a power cycle in four strokes of the piston: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Here's how each stroke works:
1. Intake Stroke:
The intake valve opens.
The piston moves down the cylinder.
A fuel-air mixture (or just air in diesel engines) is drawn into the cylinder.
2. Compression Stroke:
The intake valve closes.
The piston moves back up.
The air-fuel mixture is compressed, increasing pressure and temperature.
3. Power Stroke:
At the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites the mixture (in petrol engines), or it's self-ignited by pressure in diesel engines.
The explosion forces the piston down.
This stroke produces the engine's power.
4. Exhaust Stroke:
The exhaust valve opens.
The piston moves up again.
Burnt gases are expelled from the cylinder.
Internal combustion engine
Four-stroke cycle
Piston
Crankshaft
Intake stroke
Compression stroke
Power stroke
Exhaust stroke
Fuel-air mixture
Spark plug
Combustion
Valve timing
Cylinder
TDC (Top Dead Center)
BDC (Bottom Dead Center)
Mechanical efficiency
Thermal efficiency
Engine torque
Ignition system
Exhaust gases
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The crankshaft
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