How Transistors Work? Transistors Explained

Transistors are semiconductor devices used extensively in electronics for amplification, switching, and signal processing. They consist of three layers of semiconductor material and can be either bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) or field-effect transistors (FETs). Here's an explanation of how transistors work:

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): A BJT consists of three layers of semiconductor material: the emitter, the base, and the collector. There are two types of BJTs: NPN (where the middle layer is P-type and the outer layers are N-type) and PNP (where the middle layer is N-type and the outer layers are P-type).

In an NPN BJT, when a small current flows from the base (P-type) to the emitter (N-type), it allows a much larger current to flow from the collector (N-type) to the emitter.
In a PNP BJT, a small current from the base (N-type) to the emitter (P-type) allows a larger current to flow from the emitter to the collector.