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The Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Karnataka, is a historic Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, revered here as Virupaksha or Pampa Pathi. It is one of the oldest functioning temples in India, with roots tracing back to the 7th century CE. The current structure largely reflects the architectural grandeur of the Vijayanagara Empire, constructed under the patronage of King Deva Raya II and his commander Lakkana Dandesha in the 14th century .


Architecture and Layout
The temple complex is a masterpiece of Dravidian architecture, featuring a nine-tiered eastern gopuram (gateway tower) that rises to about 50 meters. This gopuram serves as the main entrance and leads into a vast courtyard surrounded by smaller shrines, pillared halls, and cloisters. Inside, the sanctum sanctorum houses the main deity, and the structure includes ante-chambers and halls adorned with intricately carved pillars. Notably, the temple's design incorporates fractal patterns, showcasing advanced mathematical concepts in its construction .

Historical Significance
Hampi, the erstwhile capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries. The Virupaksha Temple, however, predates the empire and has been a continuous site of worship. Despite the city's decline in the 16th century, the temple remained active, with renovations occurring in the 19th century to restore its grandeur .

Festivals and Cultural Importance
The temple is a focal point for several vibrant festivals. The annual Chariot Festival, held in March or April, features a grand procession with a decorated chariot carrying the deity through the streets of Hampi, accompanied by music and dance . In December, the temple celebrates the marriage of Lord Virupaksha and Goddess Pampa with elaborate ceremonies. Other significant festivals include Diwali and Shivaratri, dedicated to Lord Shiva .

Visitor Experience
Visitors to the Virupaksha Temple can explore its architectural marvels, participate in spiritual activities, and witness the rich cultural heritage of Hampi. The temple's serene atmosphere, coupled with its historical and architectural significance, makes it a must-visit destination for those interested in India's ancient traditions and craftsmanship.

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